Gelli F.1, Palazzi D.1, Brunelli F.1, Pregnolato L.1, Malaguti A.2, Tesini E.2, Biasini G.3, Melotti P.4, Roncarati A.4

INTRODUZIONE

The Musselmonitor II (originally in Dutch: Mosselmonitor®) is a biological sensor for continuous on-line monitoring of surface waters, effluents, drinking water intakes, even of seawater. This system will evaluate the water quality also for compounds that are not tested through routine chemical analyses. Therefore, it is a broad spectrum sensor that operates unattended for weeks, 24 hours per day. At the occurrence of sudden pollution, the system will generate within minutes an alarm signal, which may induce automated sampling.

The musselmonitor - recently installed at the Budapest Water Works in Hungary - is an online biological early warning system from the Netherlands, used for the immediate detecting of some source of pollutant or toxicant in the water.

Information & Contact:
Budapest Water Works
Sara Baretto
Váci út 23-27.
H-1134 Budapest
Fax: + 36 1 320 1280

TNO Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie

Effectbeoordeling van stoffen in marien milieu

Het Ethiopische schip Andinet verloor eind 2003 drie containers en 63 losse vaten met het giftige wolmanzout voor de kust van Texel.

TNO Water

Dit water is verontreinigd, maar wat betekent dat?!

Mission:    To conduct research that aims to ensure the security, quality, and quantity of freshwater supplies serving the citizens of the U.S. 

LAWA 'Biomonitoring' Committee 1996

Recommendation on the deployment of continous biomonitors for the monitoring of surface
waters / Working Group of the Federal States on Water Problems (LAWA). Comp. by LAWA
"Biomonitoring" Committee. - 1998, Kulturbuchverl.ag Berlin. - [45] S. : graph. Darst., Kt. ; 30 cm

Empfehlungen zum Einsatz von kontinuierlichen Biotestverfahren für die Gewässerüberwachung /
Hrsg. von der Länderarbeitsgemeinschaft Wasser. Ausgearbeitet vom LAWA-Arbeitskreis „Biomonitoring".

Empfehlungen zum Einsatz von kontinuierlichen
Biotestverfahren für die Gewässerüberwachung

http://www.waddenzee.nl/dutch/navigatie/fr_index.html?/dutch/ecomare/NED0725.HTM

Mossels behoren tot de familie van de tweekleppigen en komen aan de Nederlandse kust veel voor. Ze worden ongeveer 5 cm lang en hebben een zwart-blauwe tot bruinige kleur.

A Brief Review of Chemical and Biological Continuous Monitoring
of Rivers in Europe and Asia

The continuous chemical and biological monitoring in Europe dates back to the sixties and
seventies. After three decades of development there are a number of reliable chemical
monitoring systems for river monitoring.

Biological monitoring is the use of aquatic organisms to provide an early warning of the presence of toxic materials in water. Over the past 30 years, this concept has been applied to industrial, municipal, and groundwater effluents to help prevent hazardous waste spills or detect incomplete treatment processes; water treatment plants as a check on potable water supplies; and ecosystem monitoring to detect unknown, intermittent, or unmeasured contaminants.

The Rhine/Danube Monitoring Paradigm: Broader Applications in Sensor Technologies

Biomonitoring Technologies for Detecting Contaminants in Water

BMBF-Projekt im Förderprogramm
„Forschung für die Umwelt"

Verbundprojekt:
Untersuchungen zu Einsatzmöglichkeiten der Dreikantmuschel (Dreissena polymorpha) in Verbindung mit textilen Trägersystemen als biologisches Filter und Wasserhygiene-Monitor in der weitergehenden Abwasserbehandlung und Gewässersanierung.

Marine Biology

Publisher: Springer-Verlag Heidelberg

Simultaneous, long-term monitoring of valve and cardiac activity in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis exposed to copper

             Biomonitorpalette

Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde, Koblenz

Da die Sensitivität der Organismen unterschiedlich ist, ist es notwendig eine Testpalette aus Biomonitoren mit Funktionsträgern unterschiedlicher Trophieebenen (Produzenten, Primär- und Sekundärkonsumenten sowie Destruenten) einzusetzen.

Ortmann, Ch. and Grieshaber, M.K.
Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf

Long-term investigations of the behaviour and metabolism of the Asian clam Corbicula fluminea

With two types of biomonitors ("DreissenaMonitor" Envicontrol, Köln, Germany and "MOSSELMONITOR^®" Delta Consult, Kapelle, Netherlands) closing periods from a few minutes up to more than 24h could be confirmed for several specimens.

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

The time scales established to address water quality issues in watershed and channel management should accommodate a range of causes and a variety of sources. A short time scale will reflect the short term variability typical of stormwater and some nonpoint sources of contamination. An intermediate time scale will accommodate the constancy of input, typical of point sources. A long time scale will reflect cumulative effects and trends, and is appropriate for determination of watershed and landuse influence on water quality.

Real-Time Effect Monitoring for Episodic Event Toxicity
E. E. Herricks University of Illinois

The objective of this research is the development of methods to perform in situ measurement and analysis of episodic event toxicity associated with stormwater flows. Specific objectives include: (1) the evaluation of the asiatic clam Corbicula sp, and other mussels and aquatic invertebrates common in Illinois, as test organisms in a commercially available monitoring system (MOSSELMONITOR^® manufactured by Delta Consult, The Netherlands), (2) laboratory and field evaluations of response spectra of Corbicula and other organisms to changing environmental conditions and episodic exposure to contaminants, and (3) development of advanced methods of data analysis from continuous monitoring systems.

As part of the time scale toxicity research program, the MOSSELMONITOR^® was deployed to assess CSO discharge effects in the Elliott River/Duawmish Bay as part of Seattle Metro studies. The MOSSELMONITOR^® was improved for this deployment. A Campbell CR10x with a cellular phone was obtained and placed in a water proof enclosure. A Hydrolab Datasonde 3, multiparameter probe (measuring temperature, DO, pH, salinity, redox, turbidity, and water level) was deployed with the unit. The resulting configuration (Picture 1) allows continuous monitoring of mussel valve opening and water quality.

Real-Time Effect Monitoring for Episodic Event Toxicity
E. E. Herricks
University of Illinois

Wake Forest University 

Ronald V. Dimock, Jr. Professor of Biology
Department of Biology Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, NC 27109

MUSSELS: guardians of your water quality!!

A Dynamic New Alarm System for use in Biological Early Warning Systems
Abstract

Sluyts, H., F. Van Hoof, A. Cornet, and J. Paulussen, 1996. A Dynamic New Alarm System for use in Biological Early Warning Systems. Study Center for Water Research

A Dynamic New Alarm System for use in Biological Early Warning Systems
Abstract
The MOSSELMONITOR^® (Delta Consult, Kapelle, The Netherlands) is a biomonitor that uses the valve position and the activity of eight Dreissena polymorpha to monitor the water quality. The normal behavior was studied to evaluate whether eight mussels are sufficient for reliable and reproducible data. The MOSSELMONITOR^® was placed on a location with strong fluctuations of physical and chemical parameters. The results clearly indicate significant correlations between the valve position and the activity of the mussels and several parameters, such as temperature and concentration of suspended material (represented as turbidity and chlorophyll con centration). The valve position also indicates diurnal and seasonal rhythms in the natural behavior. A new data analyzing system was developed for the MOSSELMONITOR^®, which takes into account the natural fluctuations in the behavior. The sensitivity of the dynamic data analyzing system was evaluated with copper (20, 40, 50, and 80 µg/L) in dosage experiments and the results were compared with the existing static alarm system. The study revealed that static threshold levels are insensitive and require a lot of experience. The dynamic alarm system works satisfactorily with the MOSSELMONITOR^® and is very useful for the detection of discontinuities in the normal behavior.

Fortkijkduin: Aquarium

Nieuwe vissoorten
Hierdoor kan het fort gebruik maken van veel kennis, technieken en materialen. 
Een goed voorbeeld hiervan is de mosselmonitor, die in het aquarium te zien is.

Waterleiding Maatschappij Limburg (WML) 

kan de groei van de drinkwaterbehoefte niet opvangen en dekken met grondwater. 
WML wil daarom oppervlaktewater uit de Maas als nieuwe ruwwaterbron aanboren. 
DHV is gevraagd de besturingsinstallatie te ontwerpen en te realiseren. Een bijzonder 
onderdeel is integratie van het Early Warning Systeem (EWS) met de besturingsinstallatie 
(algenmonitor, mosselmonitor, vissenmonitor).

FUTURO-ELPAIS.ES. Aumenta el uso de seres vivos para medir
El musselmonitor es un aparato del tamaño de un cubo que contiene ocho mejillones. 
Un sensor eléctrico detecta hasta qué punto están abiertas las conchas, que los mejillones 
cierran en agua contaminada. Si varios de ellos se mantienen cerrados el tiempo suficiente, 
el musselmonitor hace sonar la alarma.

Biomonitors and biomarkers as indicators of environmental change

A HANDBOOK, 2 .
Eds.F.M. Butterworth, A. Gunatilaka, M.E.Gonsebatt.
Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, November 2000.

IAGLR 98 

PROGRAM ANNUAL MEETING (MAY 19-23, 1998)
McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario CANADA

EVOLUTION ET BIODIVERSITÉ
La biosurveillance

A handbook
Biomonitors and Biomarkers as Indicators of Environmental Change 2

edited by
Frank M. Butterworth
Institute for River Research International, Rochester, MI, USA
Amara Gunatilaka
Donaukraft Engineering, Vienna, Austria
María Eugenia Gonsebatt
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico

Ansto Australian Nuclear Science & Technology Organisation

The Musselmonitor used to measure the responses of mussels to pollution "in the field".

American Water Works Association

Casopis Zivotne prostredie, Tema : Organizmus v zmenenom

Organismy jako bioindikatory meniciho se prostredi
Bioindicators are considered those organisms (or their communities) which living functions 
are closely related to environmental factors. Bioindication is the method that is applied for 
obtaining quick biological information with minimum time delay.

STAR Graduate Fellowship Project Abstract: GF-95-00395

The purpose of this project is to assess the organismal and ecological
effects of episodic pollution events by characterizing contaminant
concentration and exposure time toxicity relationships for differing
pollutants and organisms. 

Sonoma Coast Marine Biology

Marine Musings of a Mussel (Mytilus) Maven
Reproductive Anatomy: A frame of reference and departure for an Ecological Exploration.

EARLY WARNING MONITORING TO
DETECT HAZARDOUS EVENTS IN WATER SUPPLIES

A NEW BOOK ON MONITORING TECHNIQUES

BIOMONITORS AND BIOMARKERS AS INDICATORS OF
ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE: VOLUME II.

     Omroep Zeeland

MOSSELMONITOR ZIET WATERVERONTREINIGING ONMIDDELLIJK

수질감시를 위한 연속적인 생물시험장치의 추천

 Empfehlung zum Einsatz von kontinuierlichen Biotestfahren fuer die Gewaesserueberwachung